Virtual Page Number vs Physical Frame Number

In a page table lookup, where does the virtual page number (VPN) come from and what does the page table entry (PTE) provide?

The VPN and PFN are the same value; the page table just validates access permissions

Both VPN and PFN are stored in the PTE

The VPN is used as an index into the page table; the PTE replaces the VPN to form the physical address

The PTE stores the VPN; the PFN is calculated by the MMU from the TLB