What does zero-noise extrapolation assume?

Question: Which statement most accurately characterizes Zero-Noise Extrapolation? A) It reconstructs the exact inverse of every hardware noise channel using quasiprobabilities B) It guarantees an unbiased estimate whenever at least two noise levels are measured C) It corrects individual experimental shots before their measurement outcomes are recorded D) It evaluates an observable at several effective noise strengths and extrapolates a fitted model toward the zero-noise limit Correct: D Explanation: ZNE deliberately scales the effective noise without changing the intended ideal computation, measures the resulting expectation values, and extrapolates them toward zero noise. Its performance depends on the validity of the noise-scaling procedure, extrapolation model, and statistical precision; it does not automatically guarantee an unbiased result. Topic: advanced quantum computing / error mitigation / ZNE